< img b-3reif6lk2n height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1590965679104084&ev=PageView&noscript=1" />
0

EN

  • EN

  • ES

  • FR

  • DE

  • JP

  • IT

  • NL

  • PT

  • AR

$

USD

  • $

    USD

  • €

    EUR

  • £

    GBP

  • A$

    AUD

  • C$

    CAD

  • ¥

    JPY

live Chat

Live Chat

D2R Season 16 Tier List - Best Class & Builds (Starter & Endgame)

Diablo II Resurrected Season 16, titled Reign of the Warlock, kicks off on November 13 with Patch 3.4, bringing a wave of unique item reworks that reshape how both fresh characters and fully geared heroes perform. This guide walks through the top classes, starter builds, and endgame builds for Season 16, factoring in the new buffs to items like Veil of Steel, Eternity, Silks of the Victor, and more. If you plan to roll fresh on ladder day, the picks below will give you a clear path from Act 1 Normal to Hell farming.


D2R Season 16 Tier List - Best Class & Builds for 3.4 Ladder Reset

Season 15 ends on November 9, with Patch 3.4 rolling out the same day. The actual ladder launch happens November 13 at 5:00 PM PST / 8:00 PM EST. Character conversion from Expansion LOD to Reign of the Warlock closes on November 16, so players only have a short window after launch to migrate.

The item changes apply only to Reign of the Warlock ladder and offline modes. Classic and standard LOD partitions keep the old versions of every unique. A handful of previously ladder-only items from Season 15 (Baneash, Blinkbat's Form, Bloodletter, the FCR Manald Heal) are now dropping on non-ladder as well. With that framework in mind, the following class and build shifts become easier to plan around.

Main Changes to Class & Builds in D2R 3.4 Ladder Reset

Patch 3.4 did not touch skills directly, but the item reworks shift the power curve of several classes dramatically. Here are the headline updates driving the new meta.

  • Veil of Steel reborn. The old filler helm now rolls +2 all skills, 15 to 25% physical damage reduction, 20 to 40% magic resist, and keeps its 50 all resist and strength/vitality rolls. It becomes a top-tier choice for the Warlock, bone necros, and anyone wanting PDR plus caster power.

  • Eternity Runeword expanded. The runeword can now be crafted in melee AND missile weapons (bows), gains 30% IAS, 300 to 390% ED, +2 to 297 max damage based on character level, and converts the old level 8 revive charges into +5 to Revive as an oskill. Every class can now field a revive army.

  • Silks of the Victor rework. This ancient armor now adds 20% FRW, 30% IAS, 50 to 100% ED, and 15% MF on top of its old +1 all skills and mana after each kill. It plays like a mini Fortitude Treachery hybrid.

  • Ethereal Edge, Executioner's Justice, Impaler, Atlantean, Lava Gout, and Grim's Burning Dead all received damage buffs or new procs that open up melee archetypes previously stuck in the mid tier.

  • With the item meta mapped out, these are the starter builds that will carry you fastest through Normal and Nightmare on day one.

With the item meta mapped out and the 3.4 patch changes rolling in, let's figure out which classes gain the most from these reworks and which S-Tier builds stand out for each class in Season 16.


D2R Season 16 Class Tier List

This following early tier list ranks every class based on how heavily Patch 3.4 shifts their power ceiling, how many new build options they gain, and how well they perform through both the starter and endgame phases.

1. Amazon (S Tier)

The Amazon jumps to the top of the Season 16 charts thanks to two direct buffs. The Impaler now repairs its own durability, finally fixing the awkward loss of impale weapons mid-fight, while the reworked Eternity runeword can be crafted in bows for the first time ever. A Grand Matron Bow with 390% ED, 297 max damage per character level, and 30% IAS lets a physical bow Amazon rival or beat a Faith setup. Silks of the Victor also gives Javazons an early armor with runwalk and IAS before Enigma.

  • Best new builds: Eternity Multi-Shot Bowazon, Impale Spearazon, Lightning Fury Javazon


2. Barbarian (S Tier)

The Barb walks away with more weapon options than any other class. Eternity Berserker Axe gives Whirlwind Barbs an indestructible, crushing-blow, max-damage monster weapon without needing a Zod rune. Demon Horn's Edge now rolls +4 to Barb skills with 20% IAS, Grim Reaper gets a huge enhanced damage bump while keeping 100% deadly strike, and Executioner's Justice swaps decrepify for a wide-radius level 13 Amp Damage proc on kill. Dual-wield builds get richer, and two-handed Berserk gets a legitimate alternative to Breath of the Dying.

  • Best new builds: Eternity Whirlwind Barb, Executioner's Justice Berserker Barb, Frenzy Barb with Grim Reaper swap


3. Warlock (S Tier)

The Warlock stacks every patch buff at once. Veil of Steel gives him +2 all skills, 25% PDR, and 40% magic resist in a single helm, Ethereal Edge becomes a brutal Echoing Strike weapon with the new max damage per level roll, and the buffed Grim Reaper or Executioner's Justice can replace older two-handers for the Hexbane variant. He also gets magic resist on multiple items so other builds can finally fight him in PvP.

  • Best new builds: Echoing Strike Warlock, Hexbane Magic Warlock, Veil of Steel PDR Warlock


4. Paladin (A Tier)

The Zealot in particular gets a treat from the reworked Atlantean sword, which now reaches 300% ED, grants +5 to Zeal, adds attack rating, and drops both stat and level requirements. Veil of Steel also gives Hammerdins a PDR option against Chaos Sanctuary and Travincal, and the amp damage proc on Griswold's Edge works nicely on a Charge swap setup.

  • Best new builds: Atlantean Zealot, Hammerdin with Veil of Steel, Smite Paladin


5. Sorceress (A Tier)

Sorc did not get a direct damage buff, but Salamander staff is now a legitimate Normal and Nightmare leveling weapon with +3 fire skills, +4 Fireball, and 10% FCR, outperforming a Leaf staff for Fireball builds. Veil of Steel is a defensive helm option against mixed damage zones, and the Lacerator and other weapon buffs help Enchantress sorcs.

  • Best new builds: Fireball Sorceress, Blizzard Sorceress, Enchantress Sorc


6. Necromancer (A Tier)

Grim's Burning Dead becomes a dedicated summon weapon with +4 to Necro skills, +5 to Fire Golem, and a 15% chance to reanimate corpses as Burning Dead Archers. Veil of Steel also gives bone necros a huge PDR and skills option. Fishymancer and Bone Necros both benefit indirectly.

  • Best new builds: Grim's Burning Dead Summoner, Veil of Steel Bone Necro, Poison Nova Necro


7. Druid (B Tier)

The Druid earned a smaller but meaningful buff. Earthshaker now grants +3 to 5 Fire Claws, finally giving Fire Claw Werebears a real leveling weapon, while Grim Reaper and the new Lava Gout gloves work for Werewolf Fury builds. The Druid did not get the mega-reworks of the top classes but still has a stronger early game.

  • Best new builds: Fire Claw Werebear, Fury Werewolf, Wind Druid


8. Assassin (B Tier)

The Assassin received no direct buffs, which drops her to the bottom of the tier list. That said, Silks of the Victor remains a solid Trapsin armor in the early-to-mid game, and Veil of Steel offers a defensive helm for Hell farming. Her skill ceiling has not changed.

  • Best new builds: Lightning Trapsin, Fire Blast Trapsin, Kick Assassin

With the class rankings mapped out, these are the starter builds that will carry you fastest through Normal and Nightmare on day one.


D2R Season 16 Best Starter Builds for Each Class Ranked

Starter builds here are ranked by how quickly they clear Normal, how little gear they need, and how smoothly they transition into Nightmare farming.


1. Echoing Strike Warlock (S Tier Starter)

The Warlock continues to dominate as a starter class because his Echoing Strike magic conversion scales off weapon damage and plus skills, both of which the patch feeds generously. New Veil of Steel and buffed Ethereal Edge give the Warlock a smoother gear path than ever.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐☆☆☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

Early Setup - Level with Hexbane and Echoing Strike. Grab a two-handed sword or axe and stack plus skills. The patched Griswold's Edge is a solid Act 1 Normal pickup due to the amp damage proc replacing the old knockback.

Skill Points - Max Echoing Strike and its synergies first, then invest into Hexbane for cursing physical immunes. Keep one point in Teleport (if obtained via Enigma later) and defensive hexes.

Gear Priority - Veil of Steel becomes best in slot once you can roll two to all skills with 25% PDR. Pair with Ethereal Edge for the max damage based on character level mod, Silks of the Victor armor in the mid game, Lava Gout gloves for cannot be frozen, and a Spirit sword early. Herald of Zakarum works as a shield alternative on swap.


2. Fireball Sorceress (S Tier Starter)

The Fireball Sorceress remains the fastest leveler in the game, and the reworked Salamander staff pushes her even further ahead for Season 16. Early Meteor plus Fireball synergy demolishes Normal, and the new staff gives her a free FCR breakpoint before she can even craft Spirit.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐☆☆☆☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Early Setup - Rush Stony Field and gamble for a Salamander staff. The new version gives +3 fire skills, +4 Fireball, +3 Warmth, and 10% FCR, outperforming a Leaf staff on every fire caster.

Skill Points - Max Fire Bolt first for Fireball synergy, then max Fireball by level 24. Put one point into Static Field, Telekinesis, Teleport, Warmth, and Frozen Armor. Begin Meteor at level 24 as a bomb for immune packs.

Gear Priority - Salamander or Leaf staff on main, Lore helm, Stealth armor, Ancient's Pledge shield once you have the runes, and Nagelring plus Stone of Jordan if you can trade for one. Transition to Spirit Monarch and Spirit sword in Nightmare.


3. Zeal Paladin (A Tier Starter)

The Zealot got a direct gift from the patch through the reworked Atlantean sword. Lower stat requirements, +5 to Zeal, and 250 to 300% ED turn it into a legitimate Nightmare carry weapon. Combined with buffed Griswold's Edge and Lava Gout, Zeal has never been smoother for a fresh ladder start.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

Early Setup - Use Might merc from Act 2 Normal, run Zeal plus Holy Fire or Holy Freeze aura depending on the zone.

Skill Points - Max Zeal, Sacrifice, and Fanaticism in that order. One point in Vigor, Smite, Charge, and Holy Shield. Save remaining points for Fanaticism synergies once you hit Hell.

Gear Priority - Atlantean sword as soon as it drops, Lava Gout gloves for the new cannot be frozen roll plus enchant procs, Griswold's Edge on swap for amp damage curse, Ancient's Pledge shield, and Rhyme or Herald of Zakarum later. Veil of Steel becomes an option if your resistances are already capped by shield rolls.


4. Summoner Necromancer (A Tier Starter)

The Summoner Necro remains the safest hardcore starter, and Grim's Burning Dead got a flavor upgrade with +4 to Necromancer skills, +5 to Fire Golem, and a 15% chance to reanimate corpses as Burning Dead Archers. The scythe now works as a dedicated summon staff for the midgame.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐☆☆☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Early Setup - Raise skeletons and skeleton mages continuously, drop Clay Golem for Slows Target, and curse packs with Amp Damage or Decrepify.

Skill Points - Max Raise Skeleton, Skeleton Mastery, and Skeletal Mage. One point in every curse plus Golem Mastery, Summon Resist, Clay Golem, and Corpse Explosion.

Gear Priority - Grim's Burning Dead for the plus skills jump, White runeword wand once you farm the runes, Lore helm, Stealth armor, and a Rhyme shield. Later swap to a +3 Skeleton Mastery +3 Raise Skeleton wand with Enigma.


5. Lightning Fury Javazon (A Tier Starter)

Javazon stays strong in Season 16 and gets a secondary benefit from the buffed Silks of the Victor armor. Lightning Fury handles crowds while Charged Strike shreds single targets.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

Early Setup - Hit level 18 to pick up Lightning Fury, use Charged Strike before that.

Skill Points - Max Charged Strike, Lightning Fury, Lightning Strike, Lightning Bolt, Power Strike. One point in Dodge, Avoid, Evade, Valkyrie, and Decoy.

Gear Priority - Silks of the Victor armor is a huge find for the 30% IAS plus runwalk, Lycander's Flank or any rare javelin with +skills, Peasant Crown or Lore, and Stone of Jordan rings. Act 2 Might merc works well.


6. Fire Claw Werebear Druid (B Tier Starter)

The buffed Earthshaker war hammer with +3 to 5 Fire Claws finally gives shape-shifting druids a real leveling weapon. Fire Claw Werebear becomes a viable fresh ladder option.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

Setup - Max Fire Claws, Firestorm, Molten Boulder, and Werebear. One point in Lycanthropy, Oak Sage, and Maul for pre-level-30 play.

Gear Priority - Earthshaker, Jalal's Mane later, Ribcracker as a cheap alternative, and the new Lava Gout gloves for enchant procs.


7. Trap Assassin (B Tier Starter)

Trapsin had no direct item buffs, but Veil of Steel offers an interesting PDR option once you reach the strength requirement.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

Setup - Max Lightning Sentry, Death Sentry, Charged Bolt Sentry, and Shock Web. Standard Spirit shield and sword setup carries you to Hell.


8. Frenzy Barbarian (B Tier Starter)

The Barb got multiple weapon buffs (Tancred's Hobnails upgrade, Demon Horn's Edge, Grim Reaper), but still asks for gear investment to shine. Dual-wielding Grim Reaper or Griswold's Edge on a fresh Frenzy Barb works as a transition weapon until better axes drop.

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Gear Dependency: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Budget Friendly: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

Setup - Max Frenzy, Berserk, Taunt synergies, Battle Orders, and Shout. Dual-wield two one-handed weapons with high ED and leech.



D2R Season 16 Best Endgame Builds for Each Class Ranked

Endgame rankings weigh damage ceiling, map clearing speed, boss killing, and how directly each class benefits from the new patched items.


1. Multi-Shot / Fury Eternity Bowazon (S+ Tier Endgame)

The new Eternity runeword in a Grand Matron Bow or Matriarchal Bow is the single most powerful change in Patch 3.4. With 300 to 390% ED, +2 to 297 max damage based on character level, 30% IAS, crushing blow, and oskill Revive, Eternity now rivals or beats Faith for pure physical bow builds. The Amazon becomes the top endgame class of Season 16.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (expensive runes)

Weapon. Eternity in a 5-socket ethereal Grand Matron Bow (Ber + Sur + Jah). The runeword grants indestructible, so ethereal works perfectly. Combine with +3 bow skills and sockets for insane base damage.

Gear Build. Andariel's Visage or Veil of Steel helm (two to all skills version), Fortitude armor, Highlord's Wrath amulet, 2x Raven Frost or 1 Raven and 1 BK ring, Razortail belt, Gore Rider boots, Laying of Hands or new Lava Gout gloves.

Skills. Max Guided Arrow, Strafe, or Multi-Shot depending on preference. Max Penetrate, Critical Strike, Valkyrie, and Pierce. One point in Decoy, Dodge/Avoid/Evade.

Mercenary. Act 1 Rogue with Faith bow or an Act 2 Might merc with Pride polearm.


2. Echoing Strike Warlock (S Tier Endgame)

The Warlock stacks every patch buff at once: Veil of Steel for two all skills and 25% PDR, Ethereal Edge for huge max damage, buffed Grim Reaper for deadly strike, and even Executioner's Justice for the amp damage proc. This magic damage machine shreds everything that is not magic immune.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

Weapon - Ethereal Edge in two-handed configuration, Grief Berserker Axe (if dual wielding), or Last Wish. The new Eternity in a Colossus Blade also competes directly.

Gear Build - Veil of Steel helm (new version), Enigma armor, Mara's Kaleidoscope, 2x Bul-Kathos' Wedding Band or SoJ, Arachnid Mesh belt, Gore Rider boots, Dracul's Grasp or Lava Gout gloves.

Skills - Max Echoing Strike and all its synergies, max Hexbane for curse coverage, one point in each defensive hex and movement options.


3. Whirlwind Barbarian (S Tier Endgame)

Patch 3.4 is a Barb paradise. Eternity in an ethereal Berserker Axe gives you crushing blow, 390 ED, max damage per level, and indestructibility without needing Zod. Pair it with buffed Veil of Steel for defensive scaling.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Weapon - Dual Grief Berserker Axes remains the gold standard, but Eternity Berserker Axe becomes a legitimate alternative, particularly against non-demon targets. Many players will run Grief main / Eternity swap for revive army utility.

Gear Build - Arreat's Face or Veil of Steel, Fortitude or Chains of Honor armor, Highlord's Wrath, Raven Frost + Bul-Kathos, Verdungo's Hearty Cord, Gore Rider boots, Steelrend or Dracul's Grasp.

Skills - Max Whirlwind, Berserk, Sword/Axe Mastery, Battle Orders. One point in Shout, Natural Resistance, Taunt, Find Item, Increased Speed.


4. Blizzard Sorceress (A Tier Endgame)

Blizzard Sorc remains the best MF farmer in the game. She did not get direct item buffs, but Veil of Steel gives her a defensive option against physical damage spikes in Chaos Sanctuary and Travincal runs.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

Gear Build - Nightwing's Veil (still best for cold damage) or Shako, Infinity on merc, Chains of Honor, Mara's amulet, Spirit Monarch, Death's Fathom orb or Eschuta's. Occulus for an MF variant.

Skills - Max Blizzard, Ice Blast, Glacial Spike, Cold Mastery. One point in Teleport, Static Field, Frozen Armor, Warmth.


5. Hammerdin / Smiter Paladin (A Tier Endgame)

Hammerdin stays as the premier mid-cost endgame caster, and the new Veil of Steel offers an alternative to Shako when PDR matters. Smiter benefits from the Atlantean upgrade and Eternity if you prefer physical builds.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Smiter) / ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ (Hammerdin bosses)

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

Hammerdin Gear - Heart of the Oak flail, Spirit Monarch, Shako or Veil of Steel, Enigma, Arachnid Mesh, Trang's gloves, Marrowwalks or Sandstorm Treks.

Skills (Hammer) - Max Blessed Hammer, Vigor, Concentration, Blessed Aim. One point in Teleport (Enigma), Holy Shield, Smite, Charge.


6. Summoner / Fishymancer Necromancer (A Tier Endgame)

Fishymancer stays the easiest Hell farmer. The new Veil of Steel adds a defensive and plus skills option, while Grim's Burning Dead adds flavor through reanimated fire archers.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐☆☆

Gear Build - Harlequin Crest, Veil of Steel on swap for PDR fights, Enigma, Beast runeword on merc for Fanaticism, Marrowwalks, Trang's gloves, Arachnid Mesh.

Skills - Max Raise Skeleton, Skeleton Mastery, Skeletal Mage, Corpse Explosion. One point in all curses, Clay Golem, Golem Mastery, Summon Resist, Revive (if not using Eternity oskill).


7. Wind Druid (B Tier Endgame)

Wind Druid did not get direct item changes, but the physical hurricane build gains from Veil of Steel for added skills and resistances in PvP settings.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

Gear Build - Jalal's Mane or Shako, Heart of the Oak, Spirit Monarch, Enigma, Mara's amulet. One point Teleport, max Tornado, Hurricane, Twister, Cyclone Armor, Oak Sage.


8. Lightning Trapsin (B Tier Endgame)

Trapsin remains the most efficient Baal runner. No direct buffs, but Veil of Steel can replace Shako when fighting magic-heavy bosses.

  • Damage Output: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Clear Speed: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • Survivability: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Boss Killing: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

  • Build Cost: ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆

Gear Build - Shako or Griffon's Eye, Chains of Honor, Spirit swords dual-wield, Mara's, Trang's gloves, Arachnid Mesh. Max Lightning Sentry, Death Sentry, Charged Bolt Sentry, Shock Web, Fire Blast as the synergy filler.


Patch 3.4 feels like one of the heaviest item rebalances since D2R launched. Eternity went from a dead runeword to a top-tier choice for both melee and bow users, Veil of Steel transformed from a vendor trash helm into a potential best in slot for several builds, and multiple mid-tier uniques finally earned a seat at the endgame table. If you want to ride the strongest wave of changes, roll an Eternity Bowazon or a Veil of Steel Warlock on November 13. For budget players, the Fireball Sorceress with the reworked Salamander staff and the Zealot with the new Atlantean are the fastest paths from a fresh character to full Hell farming.

Have fun on the ladder reset, and good luck chasing those Ber and Sur runes.